Tuesday, July 16, 2024, 5:53 AM
Site: Extension Foundation Online Campus
Course: Avian Influenza Biosecurity for Backyard Flock Owners (AvianInfluenza)
Glossary: Glossary/Acronyms
Culling The process of removing, and usually killing, animals from a group based on specific criteria such as infection or contamination. |
Pullorum Typhoid (PT) Fowl typhoid and pullorum disease are caused by two very closely related organisms of Salmonella enterica. Pullorum disease is usually symptomatic only in young birds. The mortality rate varies, but it can be as high as 100%. Fowl typhoid resembles pullorum disease in young birds, but it is also a serious concern in growing and adult poultry. Signs of PT include: White diarrhea Pasted vent Huddle together Lameness Difficulty breathing |
QuarantineAn imposed time period of isolation usually to prevent the spread of a disease. |
IncinerationComplete combustion of organic compounds. This is a biologically safe method but may be slow and expensive. There may be concerns about air pollution. |
RenderingHigh temperatures and pressure break down animal remains. This requires transportation off site but recycles carcasses into reusable protein feed. |
CompostDecomposition of organic waste by microorganisms. |
Mycoplasma gallisepticumMycoplasma gallisepticum is a bacteria that causes respiratory disease in chickens, turkeys, and other game birds flocks. It is spread through contact with contaminated equipment and surfaces or exposure to infected birds. Signs of Mycoplasma include: Watery eyes and nostrils Swelling around the eyes Coughing and sneezing Inactivity |
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) A technique for rapidly synthesizing large quantities of a given DNA segment. |
VirusA virus is a very small entity that consist essentially of a core of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat that replicates, or copies itself, inside living cells |
Vaccination The introduction of a weakened or killed microbe into the body in order to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against that microbe, thereby preventing disease upon next exposure. |
ReservoirThe long-term host of a pathogen that remains asymptomatic from the disease it carries. |
Case Fatality Ratio A ratio that shows the number of deaths in infected cases over the total number of infected cases. |
CDCCenters for Disease Control and Prevention |
WHOWorld Health Organization |
VIVirus Isolation |
USDAUnited States Department of Agriculture |
SITCSmuggling Interdiction and Trade Compliance Agency |
PPEPersonal Protective Equipment |
RT-PCR Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction |
OIEWorld Organization for Animal Health |
NVSLNational Veterinary Services Laboratories |
NVSNational Veterinary Stockpile |
NPIPNational Poultry Improvement Plan |
NCIENational Center for Import Export |
NAHEMSNational Animal Health Emergency Management System |
NANeuraminidase |
LPAILow Pathogenic Avian Influenza |
ICTIncident Command Team |
ICSIncident Command System |
HPAIHighly Pathogenic Avian Influenza |
HAHemagglutinin |
EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency |
APHISAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service |
AIAvian Influenza |
VirulenceThe relative ability of a microorganism to cause disease. |
ProphylacticPreventive or protective. |
PathogenicityThe disease-producing capacity of a pathogen. |
IndemnificationThe act of compensation. |
Epidemic When a disease temporarily affects many people at the same time in one location where it is not usually prevalent. |
CyanosisBlueness of the skin, as from imperfectly oxygenated blood. |
ConjunctivitisInflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the exposed portion of the eyeball and inner surface of the eyelids. |
CloacaThe common cavity into which the intestinal, urinary, and reproductive canals open in birds. |
Antigen Any substance that can stimulate the production of antibodies and combine specifically with them. |
Pandemic When disease is prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or the whole world. |
FEMAFederal Emergency Management Agency |
NMHMNational Museum of Health and Medicine |
Endemic Disease that is natural to or characteristic of a specific place. |