Tuesday, July 16, 2024, 3:27 AM
Site: Extension Foundation Online Campus
Course: Avian Influenza Biosecurity for Backyard Flock Owners (AvianInfluenza)
Glossary: Glossary/Acronyms
Endemic Disease that is natural to or characteristic of a specific place. |
NMHMNational Museum of Health and Medicine |
FEMAFederal Emergency Management Agency |
Pandemic When disease is prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or the whole world. |
Antigen Any substance that can stimulate the production of antibodies and combine specifically with them. |
CloacaThe common cavity into which the intestinal, urinary, and reproductive canals open in birds. |
ConjunctivitisInflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the exposed portion of the eyeball and inner surface of the eyelids. |
CyanosisBlueness of the skin, as from imperfectly oxygenated blood. |
Epidemic When a disease temporarily affects many people at the same time in one location where it is not usually prevalent. |
IndemnificationThe act of compensation. |
PathogenicityThe disease-producing capacity of a pathogen. |
ProphylacticPreventive or protective. |
VirulenceThe relative ability of a microorganism to cause disease. |
AIAvian Influenza |
APHISAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service |
EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency |
HAHemagglutinin |
HPAIHighly Pathogenic Avian Influenza |
ICSIncident Command System |
ICTIncident Command Team |
LPAILow Pathogenic Avian Influenza |
NANeuraminidase |
NAHEMSNational Animal Health Emergency Management System |
NCIENational Center for Import Export |
NPIPNational Poultry Improvement Plan |
NVSNational Veterinary Stockpile |
NVSLNational Veterinary Services Laboratories |
OIEWorld Organization for Animal Health |
RT-PCR Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction |
PPEPersonal Protective Equipment |
SITCSmuggling Interdiction and Trade Compliance Agency |
USDAUnited States Department of Agriculture |
VIVirus Isolation |
WHOWorld Health Organization |
CDCCenters for Disease Control and Prevention |
Case Fatality Ratio A ratio that shows the number of deaths in infected cases over the total number of infected cases. |
ReservoirThe long-term host of a pathogen that remains asymptomatic from the disease it carries. |
Vaccination The introduction of a weakened or killed microbe into the body in order to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against that microbe, thereby preventing disease upon next exposure. |
VirusA virus is a very small entity that consist essentially of a core of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat that replicates, or copies itself, inside living cells |
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) A technique for rapidly synthesizing large quantities of a given DNA segment. |
Mycoplasma gallisepticumMycoplasma gallisepticum is a bacteria that causes respiratory disease in chickens, turkeys, and other game birds flocks. It is spread through contact with contaminated equipment and surfaces or exposure to infected birds. Signs of Mycoplasma include: Watery eyes and nostrils Swelling around the eyes Coughing and sneezing Inactivity |
CompostDecomposition of organic waste by microorganisms. |
RenderingHigh temperatures and pressure break down animal remains. This requires transportation off site but recycles carcasses into reusable protein feed. |
IncinerationComplete combustion of organic compounds. This is a biologically safe method but may be slow and expensive. There may be concerns about air pollution. |
QuarantineAn imposed time period of isolation usually to prevent the spread of a disease. |
Pullorum Typhoid (PT) Fowl typhoid and pullorum disease are caused by two very closely related organisms of Salmonella enterica. Pullorum disease is usually symptomatic only in young birds. The mortality rate varies, but it can be as high as 100%. Fowl typhoid resembles pullorum disease in young birds, but it is also a serious concern in growing and adult poultry. Signs of PT include: White diarrhea Pasted vent Huddle together Lameness Difficulty breathing |
Culling The process of removing, and usually killing, animals from a group based on specific criteria such as infection or contamination. |