Monday, May 6, 2024, 9:23 AM
Site: Extension Foundation Online Campus
Course: Avian Influenza Biosecurity for Backyard Flock Owners (AvianInfluenza)
Glossary: Glossary/Acronyms
A
AIAvian Influenza |
Antigen Any substance that can stimulate the production of antibodies and combine specifically with them. |
APHISAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service |
C
Case Fatality Ratio A ratio that shows the number of deaths in infected cases over the total number of infected cases. |
CDCCenters for Disease Control and Prevention |
CloacaThe common cavity into which the intestinal, urinary, and reproductive canals open in birds. |
CompostDecomposition of organic waste by microorganisms. |
ConjunctivitisInflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the exposed portion of the eyeball and inner surface of the eyelids. |
Culling The process of removing, and usually killing, animals from a group based on specific criteria such as infection or contamination. |
CyanosisBlueness of the skin, as from imperfectly oxygenated blood. |
E
Endemic Disease that is natural to or characteristic of a specific place. |
EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency |
Epidemic When a disease temporarily affects many people at the same time in one location where it is not usually prevalent. |
F
FEMAFederal Emergency Management Agency |
H
HAHemagglutinin |
HPAIHighly Pathogenic Avian Influenza |
I
ICSIncident Command System |
ICTIncident Command Team |
IncinerationComplete combustion of organic compounds. This is a biologically safe method but may be slow and expensive. There may be concerns about air pollution. |
IndemnificationThe act of compensation. |
L
LPAILow Pathogenic Avian Influenza |
M
Mycoplasma gallisepticumMycoplasma gallisepticum is a bacteria that causes respiratory disease in chickens, turkeys, and other game birds flocks. It is spread through contact with contaminated equipment and surfaces or exposure to infected birds. Signs of Mycoplasma include: Watery eyes and nostrils Swelling around the eyes Coughing and sneezing Inactivity |
N
NANeuraminidase |
NAHEMSNational Animal Health Emergency Management System |
NCIENational Center for Import Export |
NMHMNational Museum of Health and Medicine |
NPIPNational Poultry Improvement Plan |
NVSNational Veterinary Stockpile |
NVSLNational Veterinary Services Laboratories |
O
OIEWorld Organization for Animal Health |
P
Pandemic When disease is prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or the whole world. |
PathogenicityThe disease-producing capacity of a pathogen. |
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) A technique for rapidly synthesizing large quantities of a given DNA segment. |
PPEPersonal Protective Equipment |
ProphylacticPreventive or protective. |
Pullorum Typhoid (PT) Fowl typhoid and pullorum disease are caused by two very closely related organisms of Salmonella enterica. Pullorum disease is usually symptomatic only in young birds. The mortality rate varies, but it can be as high as 100%. Fowl typhoid resembles pullorum disease in young birds, but it is also a serious concern in growing and adult poultry. Signs of PT include: White diarrhea Pasted vent Huddle together Lameness Difficulty breathing |
Q
QuarantineAn imposed time period of isolation usually to prevent the spread of a disease. |
R
RenderingHigh temperatures and pressure break down animal remains. This requires transportation off site but recycles carcasses into reusable protein feed. |
ReservoirThe long-term host of a pathogen that remains asymptomatic from the disease it carries. |
RT-PCR Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction |
S
SITCSmuggling Interdiction and Trade Compliance Agency |
U
USDAUnited States Department of Agriculture |
V
Vaccination The introduction of a weakened or killed microbe into the body in order to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against that microbe, thereby preventing disease upon next exposure. |
VIVirus Isolation |
VirulenceThe relative ability of a microorganism to cause disease. |
VirusA virus is a very small entity that consist essentially of a core of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat that replicates, or copies itself, inside living cells |
W
WHOWorld Health Organization |