2024年05月17日 星期五 22:52
站点: Extension Foundation Online Campus
课程: Avian Influenza Biosecurity for Youth and 4-H Members (Avian Influenza Biosecurity for Youth and 4-H Members)
词汇表: Glossary/Acronyms
Live Bird Market Live bird markets are typicallypermanent structures in which birds can be housed until theyare sold. Live bird markets bring together a mixture of birdspecies thatare commonly produced by multiple suppliers. The mixture ofspecies, the lack of all-in–all-out management, and multiplesuppliers are all features that make LBM potential sources ofavian influenza viruses (AIV), especially for their supply flocks. |
MonitoringTo observe and check the progress or quality of something over a period of time. |
SurveillanceThe ongoing observation and collection of data which leads to action being taken to prevent and control a disease. |
RatitesLarge flightless birds such as ostriches and emus. |
AntibodyA protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances, called antigens. Examples of antigens include microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses) and chemicals. The antibody helps your body get rid of the antigen. |
Microbe |
DisinfectantSubstances that are applied to non-living objects to destroy germs that are living on the objects. |
Culling The process of removing, and usually killing, animals from a group based on specific criteria such as infection or contamination. |
Compost The breakdown of organic waste, such as plants, food, and manure by bacteria. |
DepopulationMethod by which animals are destroyed quickly and humanely. |
DecontaminationA two step process involving cleaning and disinfecting that removes and kills germs. |
ContaminatedTo contain or be covered with germs such as bacteria and viruses. |
IncinerationComplete combustion of organic compounds. This is a biologically safe method but may be slow and expensive. There may be concerns about air pollution. |
RenderingHigh temperatures and pressure break down animal remains. This requires transportation off site but recycles carcasses into reusable protein feed. |
QuarantineAn imposed time period of isolation usually to prevent the spread of a disease. |
VirusA virus is a very small entity that consist essentially of a core of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat that replicates, or copies itself, inside living cells. |
ReservoirThe long-term host of a pathogen that remains asymptomatic from the disease it carries. |
Case Fatality Ratio A ratio that shows the number of deaths in infected cases over the total number of infected cases. |
CDCCenters for Disease Control and Prevention |
WHOWorld Health Organization |
VIVirus Isolation |
USDAUnited States Department of Agriculture |
SITCSmuggling Interdiction and Trade Compliance Agency |
PPEPersonal Protective Equipment |
RT-PCR Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction |
OIEWorld Organization for Animal Health |
NVSLNational Veterinary Services Laboratories |
NVSNational Veterinary Stockpile |
NPIPNational Poultry Improvement Plan |
NCIENational Center for Import Export |
NAHEMSNational Animal Health Emergency Management System |
NANeuraminidase |
LPAILow Pathogenic Avian Influenza |
ICTIncident Command Team |
ICSIncident Command System |
HPAIHighly Pathogenic Avian Influenza |
HAHemagglutinin |
EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency |
APHISAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service |
AIAvian Influenza |
VirulenceThe relative ability of a microorganism to cause disease. |
ProphylacticPreventive or protective. |
Polymerase Chain ReactionA technique for rapidly synthesizing large quantities of a given DNA segment. |
PathogenicityThe disease-producing capacity of a pathogen. |
IndemnificationThe act of compensation. |
Epidemic When a disease temporarily affects many people at the same time in one location where it is not usually prevalent. |
CyanosisBlueness of the skin, as from imperfectly oxygenated blood. |
ConjunctivitisInflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the exposed portion of the eyeball and inner surface of the eyelids. |
CloacaThe common cavity into which the intestinal, urinary, and reproductive canals open in birds. |
Antigen Any substance that can stimulate the production of antibodies and combine specifically with them. |
Pandemic When disease is prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or the whole world. |
FEMAFederal Emergency Management Agency |
NMHMNational Museum of Health and Medicine |
VaccinationThe introduction of a weakened or killed microbe into the body in order to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against that microbe, thereby preventing disease upon next exposure. |
Endemic Disease that is natural to or characteristic of a specific place. |