2024年05月18日 星期六 01:42
站点: Extension Foundation Online Campus
课程: Avian Influenza Biosecurity for Youth and 4-H Members (Avian Influenza Biosecurity for Youth and 4-H Members)
词汇表: Glossary/Acronyms
Endemic Disease that is natural to or characteristic of a specific place. |
Culling The process of removing, and usually killing, animals from a group based on specific criteria such as infection or contamination. |
VaccinationThe introduction of a weakened or killed microbe into the body in order to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against that microbe, thereby preventing disease upon next exposure. |
NMHMNational Museum of Health and Medicine |
FEMAFederal Emergency Management Agency |
Pandemic When disease is prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or the whole world. |
Antigen Any substance that can stimulate the production of antibodies and combine specifically with them. |
CloacaThe common cavity into which the intestinal, urinary, and reproductive canals open in birds. |
ConjunctivitisInflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the exposed portion of the eyeball and inner surface of the eyelids. |
CyanosisBlueness of the skin, as from imperfectly oxygenated blood. |
Epidemic When a disease temporarily affects many people at the same time in one location where it is not usually prevalent. |
IndemnificationThe act of compensation. |
PathogenicityThe disease-producing capacity of a pathogen. |
Polymerase Chain ReactionA technique for rapidly synthesizing large quantities of a given DNA segment. |
ProphylacticPreventive or protective. |
VirulenceThe relative ability of a microorganism to cause disease. |
AIAvian Influenza |
APHISAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service |
EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency |
HAHemagglutinin |
HPAIHighly Pathogenic Avian Influenza |
ICSIncident Command System |
ICTIncident Command Team |
LPAILow Pathogenic Avian Influenza |
NANeuraminidase |
NAHEMSNational Animal Health Emergency Management System |
NCIENational Center for Import Export |
NPIPNational Poultry Improvement Plan |
NVSNational Veterinary Stockpile |
NVSLNational Veterinary Services Laboratories |
OIEWorld Organization for Animal Health |
RT-PCR Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction |
PPEPersonal Protective Equipment |
SITCSmuggling Interdiction and Trade Compliance Agency |
USDAUnited States Department of Agriculture |
VIVirus Isolation |
WHOWorld Health Organization |
CDCCenters for Disease Control and Prevention |
Case Fatality Ratio A ratio that shows the number of deaths in infected cases over the total number of infected cases. |
ReservoirThe long-term host of a pathogen that remains asymptomatic from the disease it carries. |
VirusA virus is a very small entity that consist essentially of a core of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat that replicates, or copies itself, inside living cells. |
QuarantineAn imposed time period of isolation usually to prevent the spread of a disease. |
RenderingHigh temperatures and pressure break down animal remains. This requires transportation off site but recycles carcasses into reusable protein feed. |
IncinerationComplete combustion of organic compounds. This is a biologically safe method but may be slow and expensive. There may be concerns about air pollution. |
Compost The breakdown of organic waste, such as plants, food, and manure by bacteria. |
ContaminatedTo contain or be covered with germs such as bacteria and viruses. |
DecontaminationA two step process involving cleaning and disinfecting that removes and kills germs. |
DepopulationMethod by which animals are destroyed quickly and humanely. |
DisinfectantSubstances that are applied to non-living objects to destroy germs that are living on the objects. |
Microbe |
AntibodyA protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances, called antigens. Examples of antigens include microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses) and chemicals. The antibody helps your body get rid of the antigen. |
RatitesLarge flightless birds such as ostriches and emus. |
SurveillanceThe ongoing observation and collection of data which leads to action being taken to prevent and control a disease. |
MonitoringTo observe and check the progress or quality of something over a period of time. |
Live Bird Market Live bird markets are typicallypermanent structures in which birds can be housed until theyare sold. Live bird markets bring together a mixture of birdspecies thatare commonly produced by multiple suppliers. The mixture ofspecies, the lack of all-in–all-out management, and multiplesuppliers are all features that make LBM potential sources ofavian influenza viruses (AIV), especially for their supply flocks. |